The Southern democracies India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) are playing an increasingly decisive role in international politics. Thus, their attitude towards the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) matters a lot for the concept and its further development. Due to the fundamental importance of the norms and principles underlying the concept, dealing with the positions of the three emerging powers from the Global South is valuable far beyond R2P itself. It also contributes to a better understanding of their perceptions, their world views and their foreign policies. This volume takes a critical look at the IBSA countries stances on R2P and its corresponding norms and principles. It questions common explanations, reveals often existing tensions between rhetoric and practice, and tries to correct false perceptions in Western discourses. With contributions by Eduardo Gonçalves Gresse, Madhan Mohan Jaganathan, Dan Krause, Fernando Preusser de Mattos, Jan Mutton, Daniel Peters, Folashadé Soulé-Kohndou and Paula Wojcikiewicz Almeida