The first look at the philosophy behind theCaptain America comics and movies, publishing in advance of the movie release ofCaptain America: The Winter Solider in April 2014.

InThe Virtues of Captain America, philosopher and long-time comics fan Mark D. White argues that the core principles, compassion, and judgment exhibited by the 1940s comic book character Captain America remain relevant to the modern world. Simply put, "Cap" embodies many of the classical virtues that have been important to us since the days of the ancient Greeks: honesty, courage, loyalty, perseverance, and, perhaps most importantly, honor. Full of entertaining examples from more than 50 years of comic books, White offers some serious philosophical discussions of everyones favorite patriot in a light-hearted and accessible way.

Mark D. White is Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the College of Staten Island/CUNY and co-editor ofBatman and Philosophy.

Introduction vii

Acknowledgments xiii

Notes on Source Material xiv

About the Author xvi

1 Superhuman Ethics Class 1

Utilitarianism 2

Deontology 6

A Civil War of Ethics! 10

Virtue Ethics 13

Virtuous Deontology No, Deontological Virtue Maybe Deontovirtue? 18

2 Captain America as a Moral Exemplar 25

Can a Fictional Character Be a Moral Exemplar? 26

Arent Fictional Characters Liable to Be Perfect? 29

Fifty Years, Dozens of Writers One Captain America? 34

3 Five Basic Virtues 45

Courage 46

Humility 50

Righteous Indignation 54

Sacrifice and Responsibility 58

Perseverance 63

4 Honor and Integrity 76

The Honor of Captain America 76

External Honor as Respect 78

Internal Honor as Integrity 85

Principle and Compromise 88

Duty and Sacrifice (Again) 96

5 Judgment 109

Making the Hard Decisions 110

Whose Right Answer? 115

Tragic Dilemmas and How to Avoid Them 118

Black-and-White or Red, White, and Blue?

When Judgment Evolves 122

Hitting the Threshold 131

6 Principle and Politics 143

Patriotism: The Captain and America 143

Cosmopolitanism 146

The American Dream Versus the American Reality 150

Im a Hero, Not a Politician! 153

Principle over Politics 156

Captain America in (Principled) Action 161

Secret Empire/Nomad 161

The Captain 163

Civil War 166

7 Can Captain America Help Us Achieve Greater Unity and Civility? 178

The Divided States of America, Then and Now 178

The Three Core American Ideals 181

Justice 182

Equality 184

Liberty 186

Debating What We Disagree On While Recognizing What We Share 188

Now Its Our Turn 193

Appendix: Why Are There Seven Volumes of Captain America and Five Volumes of Avengers? 198

References 202

Index 221