Native to the Kalahari Desert,Hoodia gordonii is a succulent plant known by generations of Indigenous San peoples to have a variety of uses: to reduce hunger, increase energy, and ease breastfeeding. In the global North, it is known as a natural appetite suppressant, a former star of the booming diet industry. InReinventing Hoodia, Laura Foster explores how the plant was reinvented through patent ownership, pharmaceutical research, the self-determination efforts of Indigenous San peoples, contractual benefit sharing, commercial development as an herbal supplement, and bioprospecting legislation.

Using a feminist decolonial technoscience approach, Foster argues that although patent law is inherently racialized, gendered, and Western, it offered opportunities for Indigenous San peoples, South African scientists, and Hoodia growers to make unequal claims for belonging within the shifting politics of South Africa. This radical interdisciplinary and intersectional account of the multiple materialities of Hoodia illuminates the co-constituted connections between law, science, and the marketplace, while demonstrating how these domains value certain forms of knowledge and matter differently.

Laura A. Foster is an assistant professor of gender studies at Indiana UniversityBloomington with affiliations in African studies and the Maurer School of Law. She is also a senior researcher with the Intellectual Property Unit at the University of Cape Town Faculty of Law.

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations

Chronology

Introduction | Peoples, Plants, and Patents in South Africa

1. Colonial Science and Hoodia as a Scientific Object

2. San Demands for Benefits by Knowing !Khoba as a Plant

from Nature

3. South African Scientists and the Patenting of Hoodia

as a Molecule

4. Botanical Drug Discovery of Hoodia, from Solid Drug

to Liquid Food

5. Hoodia Growers and the Making of Hoodia as a Cultivated

Plant

Epilogue | Implications of a Feminist Decolonial Technoscience

Appendix 1: Community Protocols and Research Guidelines

for Working with Indigenous Peoples

Appendix 2: Strategies for Patent Litigation

Notes

Bibliography

Index